Copper oxide nanoparticles as fungistat to inhibit mycotoxins and hydrolytic enzyme production by Fusarium incarnatum isolated from garlic biomass

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) being infected by mycotoxigenic fungi is one of the primary factors limiting its nutritional and medical value. Therefore, there an urgent need to repress utilizing safer treatments, possibly involving nanoparticles. Fusarium incarnatum was isolated from garlic (A. that showed fungal contamination their identification confirmed using amplified sequenced internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, which isolation F. all cultivars. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) at different concentrations inhibitory activity against growth mycotoxins, particularly 400 ppm. The production i.e., beauvericins, fusarins, moniliformin, enniatins, inhibited 62.8%, 45.4%, 58.1%, 55.0%, respectively ppm CuONPs compared control. Shrinkage cell membrane collapsing walls were recorded via transmission electron microscopy ppm, but negligible distortion appeared 100 CuONPs. encouraged CMC-ase, zylanase, amylase, while 200 promoted less enzyme activity. current findings suggest have a fungistatic effect on mycotoxins.